Fallas en motores PMSM y BLDC de vehículos eléctricos: revisión sistemática de mecanismos y diagnóstico
Faults in PMSM and BLDC Motors for Electric Vehicles: A Systematic Review of Mechanisms and Diagnostic MethodsBarra lateral del artículo
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Introducción: La electrificación del transporte es una parte esencial para reducir el impacto ambiental respecto al uso de combustibles fósiles. Objetivo: Identificar los principales mecanismos de falla en motores de vehículos eléctricos, causas, efectos, métodos de diagnóstico y monitorización. Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de acuerdo con las directrices PRISMA para estudios que examinan fallos electromagnéticos, térmicos y mecánicos en vehículos eléctricos. Estos estudios se encontraron en Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore y SAE Mobilus. Se incluyeron un total de 34 estudios tras aplicar los criterios PRISMA. Resultados: Los hallazgos demostraron que los cortocircuitos entre espiras destacan como el fallo eléctrico más crítico y frecuente, al igual que la desmagnetización térmica irreversible del rotor. Conclusión: Se evidenció que el daño mecánico fue el más común, el sistema On-Board Diagnostics debería evolucionar hacia una arquitectura inteligente basada en principios físicos.
Introduction: The electrification of transportation is essential for reducing the environmental impact associated with the use of fossil fuels. Objective: To identify the main failure mechanisms in electric vehicle motors, their causes and effects, as well as diagnostic and monitoring methods. Method: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, focusing on studies examining electromagnetic, thermal, and mechanical failures in electric vehicles. The studies were identified through Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and SAE Mobilus. A total of 34 studies were included after applying the PRISMA eligibility criteria. Results: The findings demonstrated that inter-turn short circuits are among the most critical and frequent electrical faults, along with irreversible thermal demagnetization of the rotor. Conclusion: Mechanical damage was found to be the most common type of failure. Therefore, the On-Board Diagnostics system should evolve toward an intelligent architecture based on physics-based principles.
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