Estrategias de control para suspensiones activas vehiculares: revisión sistemática
Control strategies for vehicle active suspensions: a systematic reviewBarra lateral del artículo
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Introducción: Los sistemas de suspensión activa vehicular buscan conciliar el confort de marcha, la adherencia neumático-calzada y la estabilidad del vehículo ante perturbaciones del camino. Objetivo: Analizar las estrategias de control aplicadas a suspensiones activas vehiculares, al considerar sus efectos sobre el confort de marcha, la estabilidad dinámica, la adherencia neumático-calzada, la robustez, el esfuerzo de control y el nivel de validación experimental. Método: Se realizó un arevisión sistemática, basada en las directrices PRISMA 2020 mediante una búsqueda en Scopus e IEEE Xplore de estudios publicados entre 2015 y 2025. Resultados: Los hallazgos muestran una evolución desde controladores reactivos hacia esquemas robustos, predictivos y anticipativos apoyados en observadores, control predictivo y percepción exteroceptiva, con reducciones de hasta el 68% en la aceleración vertical. Conclusión: Se evidencia que no existe una estrategia universalmente superior, pues su selección depende del confort, la adherencia, el consumo energético y la viabilidad en tiempo real.
Introduction: Active vehicle suspension systems aim to reconcile ride comfort, tire-road adhesion, and vehicle stability in response to road disturbances. Objective: To analyze control strategies applied to active vehicle suspensions, considering their effects on ride comfort, dynamic stability, tire-road adhesion, robustness, control effort, and the level of experimental validation. Method: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, based on searches conducted in Scopus and IEEE Xplore for studies published between 2015 and 2025. Results: The findings reveal an evolution from reactive controllers toward robust, predictive, and anticipatory control schemes supported by observers, model predictive control, and exteroceptive sensing, with reductions of up to 68% in vertical acceleration. Conclusion: The evidence indicates that there is no universally superior strategy, as the selection of a control approach depends on ride comfort, tire-road adhesion, energy consumption, and real-time feasibility.
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